C# Interface

Interfaces

Another way to achieve abstraction in C#, is with interfaces.

An interface is a completely "abstract class", which can only contain abstract methods and properties (with empty bodies):

Example

// interface
interface Animal 
{
  void animalSound(); // interface method (does not have a body)
  void run(); // interface method (does not have a body)
}

It is considered good practice to start with the letter "I" at the beginning of an interface, as it makes it easier for yourself and others to remember that it is an interface and not a class.

By default, members of an interface are abstract and public.

Note: Interfaces can contain properties and methods, but not fields.

To access the interface methods, the interface must be "implemented" (kinda like inherited) by another class. To implement an interface, use the : symbol (just like with inheritance). The body of the interface method is provided by the "implement" class. Note that you do not have to use the override keyword when implementing an interface:

Example

// Interface
interface IAnimal 
{
  void animalSound(); // interface method (does not have a body)
}

// Pig "implements" the IAnimal interface
class Pig : IAnimal 
{
  public void animalSound() 
  {
    // The body of animalSound() is provided here
    Console.WriteLine("The pig says: wee wee");
  }
}

class Program 
{
  static void Main(string[] args) 
  {
    Pig myPig = new Pig();  // Create a Pig object
    myPig.animalSound();
  }
}

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Notes on Interfaces:

Like abstract classes, interfaces cannot be used to create objects (in the example above, it is not possible to create an "IAnimal" object in the Program class)
Interface methods do not have a body - the body is provided by the "implement" class
On implementation of an interface, you must override all of its methods
Interfaces can contain properties and methods, but not fields/variables
Interface members are by default abstract and public
An interface cannot contain a constructor (as it cannot be used to create objects)

Why And When To Use Interfaces?

1) To achieve security - hide certain details and only show the important details of an object (interface).

2) C# does not support "multiple inheritance" (a class can only inherit from one base class). However, it can be achieved with interfaces, because the class can implement multiple interfaces. Note: To implement multiple interfaces, separate them with a comma (see example below).

Multiple Interfaces

To implement multiple interfaces, separate them with a comma:

Example

interface IFirstInterface 
{
  void myMethod(); // interface method
}

interface ISecondInterface 
{
  void myOtherMethod(); // interface method
}

// Implement multiple interfaces
class DemoClass : IFirstInterface, ISecondInterface 
{
  public void myMethod() 
  {
    Console.WriteLine("Some text..");
  }
  public void myOtherMethod() 
  {
    Console.WriteLine("Some other text...");
  }
}

class Program 
{
  static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    DemoClass myObj = new DemoClass();
    myObj.myMethod();
    myObj.myOtherMethod();
  }
}

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